[R] Number changed weirdly when converting to numeric

[Ben Bolker]

    Out of curiosity, what does atof() do on that platform? What does 
the following C program do on arm64? (I don't know exactly what R does 
to coerce character to double, but this is what I would guess ...)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) {
   const char *str = "-177253333.333333343267441";
   double x = atof(str);
   printf("%0.15f\n", x);
   return 0;
}

   To my surprise, apparently R doesn't use stdlib to convert.

 From 
https://github.com/r-devel/r-svn/blob/bb64b28d8cc2e2863eb664e7f83b0a7206b4b1d4/src/main/util.c#L2087C1-L2107:

/* ...

        use our own strtod/atof to mitigate effects of setting LC_NUMERIC

    Also allows complete control of which non-numeric strings are
    accepted; e.g. glibc allows NANxxxx, macOS NAN(s), this accepts "NA".

... */

   Should this be escalated to r-devel (or r-bugzilla)?  Nothing pops 
out at me from the recent NEWS ...

   Ben Bolker

On 3/9/25 14:06, Stephanie Evert wrote:
> For once, that doesn't seem to be the issue here. The bug only seems to happen on arm64 and doesn't reproduce on x86_64 hardware.
> 
>> x <- as.numeric("-177253333.333333343267441")
>> sprintf("%.15f", x)
> [1] "-177253333.333333373069763"
> 
> This is the number adjacent to -177253333.333333343267441 in IEEE 754.
> 
>> writeBin(x, raw(8))
> [1] ac aa aa aa 57 21 a5 c1
> 
> If you look at the hexadecimal representation, the least significant bit appears to be off by one: the first byte should be 0xAB rather than 0xAC (according to online calculators such as https://numeral-systems.com/ieee-754-converter/).
> 
> Seems that decimal-to-float conversion has a bug on arm64. Note that I get the same result with
> 
>> x <- -177253333.333333343267441
> 
> so it's not specific to as.numeric().
> 
> Best,
> Stephanie
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> On 9 Mar 2025, at 18:46, Jeff Newmiller via R-help <r-help using r-project.org> wrote:
>>
>> https://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html#Why-doesn_0027t-R-think-these-numbers-are-equal_003f
>>
>> https://0.30000000000000004.com/
>>
>> On March 9, 2025 10:12:47 AM PDT, Christofer Bogaso <bogaso.christofer using gmail.com> wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>>
>>> I have below simple conversion
>>>
>>>> sprintf("%0.15f", as.numeric("-177253333.333333343267441"))
>>>
>>> [1] "-177253333.333333373069763"
>>>
>>> I could not figure out why the input and output is different?
>>>
>>> Clearly this conversion is incorrect. Is there any way to convert to
>>> numerical properly?
>>>
>>>> sessionInfo()
>>>
>>> R version 4.4.0 (2024-04-24)
>>>
>>> Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
>>>
>>> Running under: macOS 15.3.1
>>>
>>>
>>> Matrix products: default
>>>
>>> BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-arm64/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
>>>
>>> LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;
>>> LAPACK version 3.12.0
>>>
>>>
>>> locale:
>>>
>>> [1] C/UTF-8/C/C/C/C
>>>
>>>
>>> time zone: Asia
>>>
>>> tzcode source: internal
>>>
>>>
>>> attached base packages:
>>>
>>> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base
>>>
>>>
>>> loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
>>>
>>> [1] compiler_4.4.0
>>>
>>> ______________________________________________
>>> R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>>
>> -- 
>> Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity.
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> 
> 
> 	[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> 
> ______________________________________________
> R-help using r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> PLEASE do read the posting guide https://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

-- 
Dr. Benjamin Bolker
Professor, Mathematics & Statistics and Biology, McMaster University
Director, School of Computational Science and Engineering
* E-mail is sent at my convenience; I don't expect replies outside of 
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