[R] Question concerning side effects of treating invalid factor levels

[tibor@kiss m@iii@g oii rub@de]

Hi, 

this is a misunderstanding of my question. I wasn’t worried about invalid factor levels that produce NA. My question was why a column changes its class, which I thought was a side effect. If you add a vector containing one character string, the class of the whole vector becomes _chr_. And after this element has been added to a column, we have two NAs for the column which are factors, and a character string, which is responsible for the change of a numerical vector into a character string vector (see ?c, where you find: "The output type is determined from the highest type of the components in the hierarchy NULL < raw < logical < integer < double < complex < character < list < expression.“).

 
Best


Tibor



> Am 19.09.2022 um 13:59 schrieb Ebert,Timothy Aaron <tebert using ufl.edu>:
> 
> In your example code, the variable remains a class factor, and all entries are valid. The variables will behave as expected given the factor levels in the original dataframe.
> 
> (At least on my system R 4.2, in RStudio, in Windows) R returns a couple of error messages warning me that I was bad.
> What you get is NA for "not available", or "not appropriate" or a missing value. You gave the system an invalid factor level so it was entered as missing. If you get data that has a new factor level, you need to tell R to expect a new factor level first.
> 
> levels(f1) <- c(levels(f1),"New Level")
> levels(f1) <- c(levels(f1),c("NL1","NL2"))
> 
> 
> Tim
> -----Original Message-----
> From: R-help <r-help-bounces using r-project.org> On Behalf Of Tibor Kiss via R-help
> Sent: Monday, September 19, 2022 6:11 AM
> To: r-help using r-project.org
> Subject: [R] Question concerning side effects of treating invalid factor levels
> 
> [External Email]
> 
> Dear List members,
> 
> I have tried now for several times to find out about a side effect of treating invalid factor levels, but did not find an answer. Various answers on stackexchange etc. produce the stuff that irritates me without even mentioning it.
> So I am asking the list (apologies if this has been treated in the past).
> 
> If you add an invalid factor level to a column in a data frame, this has the side effect of turning a numerical column into a column with character strings. Here is a simple example:
> 
>> df <- data.frame(
>        P = factor(c("mittels", "mit", "mittels", "ueber", "mit", "mit")),
>        ANSWER = factor(c(rep("PP>OBJ", 4), rep("OBJ>PP", 2))),
>        RT = round(runif(6, 7000, 16000), 0))
> 
>> str(df)
> 'data.frame':   6 obs. of  3 variables:
> $ P     : Factor w/ 3 levels "mit","mittels",..: 2 1 2 3 1 1
> $ ANSWER: Factor w/ 2 levels "OBJ>PP","PP>OBJ": 2 2 2 2 1 1
> $ RT    : num  11157 13719 14388 14527 14686 ..
> 
>> df <- rbind(df, c("in", "V>N", round(runif(1, 7000, 16000), 0)))
> 
>> str(df)
> 'data.frame':   7 obs. of  3 variables:
> $ P     : Factor w/ 3 levels "mit","mittels",..: 2 1 2 3 1 1 NA
> $ ANSWER: Factor w/ 2 levels "OBJ>PP","PP>OBJ": 2 2 2 2 1 1 NA
> $ RT    : chr  "11478" "15819" "8305" "8852" ...
> 
> You see that RT has changed from _num_ to _chr_ as a side effect of adding the invalid factor level as NA. I would appreciate understanding what the purpose of the type coercion is.
> 
> Thanks in advance
> 
> 
> Tibor
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