[R] Trying to understand cut
peter dalgaard
pdalgd at gmail.com
Sun Apr 17 09:35:50 CEST 2016
This isn't really FAQ 7.31 (for once).
The clue is in this part of cut.default():
breaks <- seq.int(rx[1L], rx[2L], length.out = nb)
breaks[c(1L, nb)] <- c(rx[1L] - dx/1000, rx[2L] +
dx/1000)
which _is_ as documented. Notice that it is based on the range(values) which in your example is 0-99.9, so the thing boils down to
> rx <- range(values)
> dx <- diff(rx)
> dx
[1] 99.9
> nb <- 11
> breaks <- seq.int(rx[1L], rx[2L], length.out = nb)
> breaks[c(1L, nb)] <- c(rx[1L] - dx/1000, rx[2L] +
+ dx/1000)
> breaks
[1] -0.0999 9.9900 19.9800 29.9700 39.9600 49.9500 59.9400 69.9300 79.9200
[10] 89.9100 99.9999
Notice that all the breakpoints have a nonzero 2nd decimal digit, which none of your data have, so no data are on interval boundaries and left/right and include.lowest have no effect. There's a little fuzz at the ends to prevent the extremes from being excluded without having to explicitly set include.lowest=TRUE.
Short version: If you want fine control over the cutpoints, do not use cut(x,n)...
-pd
PS: To read the FAQ, go to www.r-project.org, and click "FAQs" (under Documentation, to the left).
> On 17 Apr 2016, at 06:12 , John Sorkin <jsorkin at grecc.umaryland.edu> wrote:
>
> Jeff,
> Perhaps I was sloppy with my notation:
> I want groups
>> =0 <10
>> =10 <20
>> =20<30
> ......
>> =90 <100
>
> In any event, my question remains, why did the four different versions of cut give me the same results? I hope someone can explain to me the function of
> include.lowest and right in the call to cut. As demonstrated in my example below, the parameters do not seem to alter the results of using cut.
> Thank you,
> John
>
>
> P.S. How do I find FAQ 7.31?
> Thank you,
> John
>
> I
>
>
>
> John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
> Professor of Medicine
> Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
> University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
> Baltimore VA Medical Center
> 10 North Greene Street
> GRECC (BT/18/GR)
> Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
> (Phone) 410-605-7119
> (Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing)
>>>> Jeff Newmiller <jdnewmil at dcn.davis.ca.us> 04/16/16 11:07 PM >>>
> Have you read FAQ 7.31 recently, John? Your whole premise is flawed. You should be thinking of ranges [0,10), [10,20), and so on because numbers ending in 0.9 are never going to be exact.
> --
> Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity.
>
>
> On April 16, 2016 7:38:50 PM PDT, John Sorkin <jsorkin at grecc.umaryland.edu> wrote:
> I am trying to understand cut so I can divide a list of numbers into 10 group:
> 0-9.0
> 10-10.9
> 20-20.9
> 30-30.9,
> 40-40.9,
> 50-50.9
> 60-60.9
> 70-70.9
> 80-80.9
> 90-90.9
>
> As I try to do this, I have been playing with the cut function. Surprising the following for applications of cut give me the exact same groups. This surprises me given that I have varied parameters include.lowest and right. Can someone help me understand what include.lowest and right do? I have looked at the help page, but I don't seem to understand what I am being told!
> Thank you,
> John
>
> values <- c((0:99),c(0.9:99.9))
> sort(values)
> c1<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=FALSE,right=TRUE)
> c2<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=FALSE,right=FALSE)
> c3<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=TRUE,right=TRUE)
> c4<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=TRUE,right=FALSE)
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c1),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c1),max))
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c2),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c2),max))
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c3),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c3),max))
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c4),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c4),max))
>
> You can run the code below, or inspect the results I got which are reproduced below:
>
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c1),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c1),max))
>
> min.Group.1 min.x max.Group.1 max.x
> 1 (-0.0999,9.91] 0 (-0.0999,9.91] 9.9
> 2 (9.91,19.9] 10 (9.91,19.9] 19.9
> 3 (19.9,29.9] 20 (19.9,29.9] 29.9
> 4 (29.9,39.9] 30 (29.9,39.9] 39.9
> 5 (39.9,50] 40 (39.9,50] 49.9
> 6 (50,60] 50 (50,60] 59.9
> 7 (60,70] 60 (60,70] 69.9
> 8 (70,80] 70 (70,80] 79.9
> 9 (80,90] 80 (80,90] 89.9
> 10 (90,100] 90 (90,100] 99.9
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c2),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c2),max))
>
> min.Group.1 min.x max.Group.1 max.x
> 1 [-0.0999,9.91) 0 [-0.0999,9.91) 9.9
> 2 [9.91,19.9) 10 [9.91,19.9) 19.9
> 3 [19.9,29.9) 20 [19.9,29.9) 29.9
> 4 [29.9,39.9) 30 [29.9,39.9) 39.9
> 5 [39.9,50) 40 [39.9,50) 49.9
> 6 [50,60) 50 [50,60) 59.9
> 7 [60,70) 60 [60,70) 69.9
> 8 [70,80) 70 [70,80) 79.9
> 9 [80,90) 80 [80,90) 89.9
> 10 [90,100) 90 [90,100) 99.9
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c3),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c3),max))
>
> min.Group.1 min.x max.Group.1 max.x
> 1 [-0.0999,9.91] 0 [-0.0999,9.91] 9.9
> 2 (9.91,19.9] 10 (9.91,19.9] 19.9
> 3 (19.9,29.9] 20 (19.9,29.9] 29.9
> 4 (29.9,39.9] 30 (29.9,39.9] 39.9
> 5 (39.9,50] 40 (39.9,50] 49.9
> 6 (50,60] 50 (50,60] 59.9
> 7 (60,70] 60 (60,70] 69.9
> 8 (70,80] 70 (70,80] 79.9
> 9 (80,90] 80 (80,90] 89.9
> 10 (90,100] 90 (90,100] 99.9
> cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c4),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c4),max))
>
> min.Group.1 min.x max.Group.1 max.x
> 1 [-0.0999,9.91) 0 [-0.0999,9.91) 9.9
> 2 [9.91,19.9) 10 [9.91,19.9) 19.9
> 3 [19.9,29.9) 20 [19.9,29.9) 29.9
> 4 [29.9,39.9) 30 [29.9,39.9) 39.9
> 5 [39.9,50) 40 [39.9,50) 49.9
> 6 [50,60) 50 [50,60) 59.9
> 7 [60,70) 60 [60,70) 69.9
> 8 [70,80) 70 [70,80) 79.9
> 9 [80,90) 80 [80,90) 89.9
> 10 [90,100] 90 [90,100] 99.9
> John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
> Professor of Medicine
> Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
> University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
> Baltimore VA Medical Center
> 10 North Greene Street
> GRECC (BT/18/GR)
> Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
> (Phone) 410-605-7119
> (Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing)
>
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>
>
>
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--
Peter Dalgaard, Professor,
Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School
Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
Phone: (+45)38153501
Office: A 4.23
Email: pd.mes at cbs.dk Priv: PDalgd at gmail.com
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